TVW Design Gym - Planting a Problem Tree
What is a Problem Tree Diagram and How Is It Useful?
A problem tree diagram is similar to mind mapping: a non-linear network of ideas. It is a more structured technique that focuses on addressing a specific problem and its root causes and consequences.
It is a tool that aids in targeting a component of the system and prompts the question: “What led to this problem, and what are the consequences of not addressing it?”
This is a great tool to use before jumping into solutions.
Models are heavily used within the world of MG Taylor. One saying is that “No model is perfect, but some models are useful.”
Another axiom is that "the only valid test of a model is what it enables you to do. It is not about the model itself. They are just tools and are related to mapping."
The map or the model is not the actual territory but helps guide decisions around the problem.
Wicked problems
A wicked problem is “a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; and wicked denotes resistance to resolution rather than evil.” - Wikipedia.
When working with problem trees, the goal is not to solve the massive overarching problem, better known as the wicked problem. The goal is to work together to determine a problem's causes and effects. A problem tree diagram serves as a foundation for developing effective solutions.
When working with complex systems, it is hard to zone in and fix one thing in hopes of curing the whole system. Problem trees are diagnostic tools. They zoom in and reduce friction for the user/patient, or for specific process steps.
An example of this can be seen in the United States water usage. The Colorado River supplies water to seven different states in two countries. Due to climate change, the river has become increasingly arid over the years. Using this information, we can examine how different systems affect water use in a river.
These are all examples of wicked problems for which no single solution will suffice. Focusing on these types of issues can cause a continuous cycle. Instead, look at smaller-scale difficulties and use the problem tree as a diagnostic tool.
Important Questions
Below is a collection of essential questions that may be useful when working with groups or a small team to create a model that articulates the problem.
Two crucial questions to consider are:
Does this represent reality?
Are these all of the critical questions?
Building problem trees
At the end of the session, the participants split into groups to address the planting of problem trees. The groups were instructed to propose a problem and discuss the root causes and consequences if the problem goes unsolved.
Following the activity, the participants returned to the group to discuss their experience working with the problem trees and to offer any suggestions. Here are some of their thoughts:
It took considerable effort to reach a group decision on a topic. They needed more time to have a conversation.
Each person provided a rationale for considering the topic important. Each person had different experiences.
It is easy to view consequences as negative, but they can also be positive. Shifting to this mindset moved the energy of the conversation.
People from around the world can connect through shared concerns when discussing problems.
The problem tree is simple, accessible, and gives structure to what can be a complicated conversation.
It helps you focus on a single aspect of the problem at a time.
This model is so open. It wasn't restrictive of the scope that they wanted to explore.
Participants suggested renaming it from a problem tree. The word “problem” can carry certain connotations.
